That Kind of Man Is Never Poor: Why Educated, Enterprising, and Ambitious Black Love Demands Mutual Support

Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. — Lao Tzu

When A Different World aired that exchange in the late 1980s, it landed at the intersection of two of Black America’s oldest and most contested conversations: what we owe each other in love, and what it means to build a life of purpose and prosperity together. Whitley wasn’t asking for a rich man. She was describing an orientation toward life — educated, enterprising, and ambitious — and asserting that a person who lives that way will never be poor in the ways that truly count. But there was always a condition embedded in that vision, one the show understood even if it didn’t always name it explicitly: that kind of life requires a partner who isn’t just admiring from the sidelines. It requires someone who is building alongside you, pushing when the vision dims, holding when the weight becomes too much, and trusting even when the outcome isn’t yet visible. The kind of Black love that produces educated, enterprising, and ambitious people is not passive. It is active, intentional, and deeply communal.

Educated. Enterprising. Ambitious. These words sit comfortably on a vision board. They sound aspirational. But strip away the aesthetics and examine what each one actually demands of a Black person navigating this country, and you quickly understand why none of them can be carried alone. To be educated in Black America is not simply to hold a degree. It is to have committed to a process of self-understanding and world-understanding that this society has never made free or easy. For the hundreds of thousands who chose an HBCU, it was a decision to be educated and loved at the same time — to develop intellectual rigor inside institutions that did not require them to leave their Blackness at the door. That experience shapes how you move through the world, how you build, and critically, what you need from a partner. You need someone who values what you carry from that formation, who sees your education not as a credential but as a worldview that deserves to be exercised. A partner who belittles your ambitions, dismisses your networks, or resents your growth is not a partner in any real sense. They are a ceiling. To be enterprising is to see possibilities where systems have deliberately created barriers. Black entrepreneurship in this country has always been an act of defiance and an act of community building simultaneously. But enterprising requires risk. It requires long stretches of uncertainty, of not knowing if the next quarter will hold. A partner who cannot sit in that uncertainty with you, who confuses instability with failure, who demands the comfort of a steady paycheck over the potential of a built thing — that partnership will eventually become a negotiation between your dreams and their fears. And in that negotiation, someone always loses. To be ambitious is to insist that your potential has no ceiling. In Black America, that insistence is both a personal conviction and a political act. Ambition burns a tremendous amount of fuel. It consumes time, emotional bandwidth, and sometimes the very relationships that were supposed to sustain it. A partner who cannot celebrate your wins because your wins somehow diminish them, who needs you to stay small so they feel safe, is not a companion in ambition. They are its opposite. This is why Whitley’s answer to Dwayne was so quietly radical. She was not describing a checklist. She was describing a compatibility of spirit — the recognition that two people with aligned orientations toward growth could build something neither could build alone.

It is easy to focus on Whitley in this conversation because her words were so precise. But Dwayne’s question deserves equal examination. He did not ask what Whitley wanted in a husband — as if cataloguing features — but what kind of husband she wanted. He was asking about character, about essence. Dwayne Wayne was himself educated, enterprising, and ambitious. A genius-level engineering student at Hillman, a man who went on to a career that took him literally around the world. But what made him a worthy partner for Whitley, and what made their fictional union one of the most enduring love stories in Black popular culture, was not just his individual achievement. It was what he did with his love. He showed up. He advocated. He flew to her wedding to another man and interrupted it because he knew — and she knew — that their partnership was bigger than the fear that had kept them apart. That is what mutual support looks like in its most dramatic form. But most of us will not have our moment at an altar with a ballroom watching. Most of us will have the quieter, harder moments: the conversation at 11pm when one partner has been passed over again at work and needs to hear that their worth is not determined by that institution’s blindness. The weekend when one partner is grinding on a business plan and the other has to carry the household without resentment. The year when one partner’s career accelerates and the other has to find their own footing without collapsing into competition. Those moments are where Black love either becomes what it was always capable of being — or where it begins to quietly erode.

There is a damaging script in some corners of our community that frames one partner’s support for the other as sacrifice — as if partnership is a zero-sum arrangement where one person’s advancement necessarily comes at the other’s expense. This script has done enormous harm. It has produced couples who keep score rather than build, who compete where they should collaborate, and who eventually sit across from each other with years of resentment between them. The couples and partnerships that thrive understand something different. They understand that support is strategy. When you invest in your partner’s growth, you are not losing; you are expanding the resources available to your shared life. When a husband supports his wife’s MBA program by increasing his domestic load for two years, he is not diminished. He is invested. When a wife believes in her husband’s business concept before the market does and holds the household steady while he builds, she is not sacrificing her own ambition. She is deploying it strategically, because she understands that what they are building together is bigger than what either could build alone. This is the economic logic of Black love, and it is powerful. The HBCU power couples who go on to build medical practices, investment funds, cultural institutions, and businesses that employ other Black people do not build those things in spite of their partnerships. They build them through their partnerships. The art empire, the medical group, the legal practice — these are not solo achievements. They are the products of two people who chose, over and over again, to take the other’s dreams seriously.

And here is where that vision expands into something even larger — because educated, enterprising, and ambitious Black love is never just about two people. It has always carried a community inside it, and when it is at its most powerful, it carries an entire Diaspora. When two HBCU graduates build a life together, they bring their networks, their institutions, their mentors, and their commitments with them. The Hillman alumni network that became the seed capital for a Pan-African art fund was not a business transaction. It was the activation of bonds formed through years of shared education and shared love for an institution. Those investors did not write checks because of a pitch deck. They wrote checks because they trusted each other, because Hillman had taught them to see their prosperity as connected. That is the genius embedded in the HBCU tradition — it does not just educate individuals, it builds the relational infrastructure through which communities can act collectively. And it is Black love, in both the romantic and communal sense, that activates that infrastructure over and over again across generations.

But the full scope of what that love can build becomes visible only when we follow it to its institutional conclusion. Individual success, however impressive, is ultimately fragile. Wealth concentrated in one person can be lost in a generation. Knowledge that lives in one mind leaves when that person does. Influence that depends on a single relationship dissolves when that relationship ends. What endures is what gets built into institutions — into ownership structures, endowments, programs, and organizations that outlast any individual and continue to serve the community long after the founders are gone. This is why the most consequential dimension of educated, enterprising, and ambitious Black love is not what it produces in a household. It is what it deposits into institutions. The Black couple that builds a business strong enough to employ a hundred people and endow a scholarship fund is not just building a legacy for their children. They are building infrastructure for a community. The pair that pours their professional expertise back into an HBCU — consulting, donating, recruiting, advocating — is strengthening an institution that will educate and love thousands of Black students for decades to come. The partnership that structures its wealth to include collective vehicles — investment funds, foundations, land trusts, community development corporations — is doing something that individual accumulation, no matter how impressive, simply cannot do. It is converting personal achievement into communal capacity.

The Diaspora dimension of this is not incidental. It is essential. Black America has never existed in isolation from the broader African Diaspora, and the most visionary HBCU partnerships have always understood this. When Whitley Gilbert-Wayne stood in a Tokyo gallery and asked why African Americans were not building art collections anchored in the work of artists from across the Diaspora — from Salvador to Senegal, from Detroit to Durban — she was asking a fundamentally institutional question. Not just who collects this art, but who owns the infrastructure through which it is valued, appraised, traded, and preserved. Not just who appreciates Black beauty, but who controls the institutions that define and protect it. The Pan-African Art Appraisal program she helped establish between an HBCU and the University of Namibia was not a cultural gesture. It was an institutional act — the creation of a pipeline that would train a new generation of appraisers with both the technical competence and the cultural fluency to set the value of Diaspora art on terms that served the Diaspora. That is institutional ownership. That is what educated, enterprising, and ambitious Black love looks like when it reaches its full expression. And it could not have been built by either Whitley or Dwayne alone. It required the engineering career that took them to Tokyo. It required the art history formation that gave Whitley the language to see what she was seeing. It required the Hillman network that provided the initial capital and the Hillman-forged trust that made that capital available. It required, underneath all of it, a partnership that held steady across continents and career pivots and the slow, difficult work of building something that had never existed before.

What Dwayne and Whitley modeled — in fiction, and what so many HBCU couples have modeled in fact — is that Black love at its most generative is not primarily a private arrangement. It is a public act. Every time a Black couple directs their business patronage to Black-owned firms, they are building Black enterprise. Every time they mentor a younger HBCU graduate, they are extending the network that made their own success possible. Every time they sit on a board, anchor a fund, or pressure an institution to collect and commission work by Diaspora artists, they are expanding the definition of who gets to own and control cultural and financial infrastructure. Every time they build a business with an exit strategy that includes employee ownership or community benefit, they are ensuring that the wealth they created does not simply exit the community when they do. This is not idealism. This is what institutional ownership actually looks like in practice, and it is built one educated, enterprising, ambitious Black partnership at a time.

This is what A Different World was always pointing toward, even in its lightest moments. The romance between Dwayne and Whitley existed inside a world populated by people who pushed each other, competed with each other, loved each other, and collectively embodied the argument that Black excellence is not a solitary achievement. It is produced in community, sustained in community, and ultimately returned to community — and to a Diaspora that has always been waiting for us to bring our full selves, and our full institutional capacity, home.

If you are educated, enterprising, and ambitious — or trying to become those things — you are carrying a vision that is bigger than your own comfort. You are carrying, whether you have named it this way or not, an argument about what Black people are capable of when given the space, the resources, and the love to fully become. That vision requires a partner who takes it seriously. Not someone who merely tolerates your ambition, but someone who sees it as part of what they fell in love with. Not someone who supports you when it is convenient, but someone who holds the ground when the terrain gets difficult. Not someone who loves you in spite of your drive, but someone whose own drive calls yours forward. And if you are that partner for someone else, understand the magnitude of what you are doing. The quiet support, the unanticipated covering, the refusal to compete where you should collaborate — these are not small acts. They are the infrastructure on which entire legacies, and entire institutions, are built. The spouse who holds the household while the other writes the dissertation. The partner who talks you back from quitting. The friend-turned-love who looks at your half-formed idea and says, without hesitation, “I see it. Let’s build it.” These acts do not always make headlines. But they make everything else possible — the businesses, the collections, the endowments, the programs, the institutions that will carry Black and Diaspora communities forward long after any of us are here to see it.

Whitley Gilbert was not describing a fantasy when she told Dwayne what she wanted. She was describing a reality she was already willing to be part of — a partnership defined not by the presence of wealth but by the presence of character. Educated. Enterprising. Ambitious. And underneath all of it, the kind of love that builds, holds, risks, believes, and ultimately deposits something permanent into the world. That kind of love is never poor. And the institutions it builds are the inheritance of a Diaspora that was always worth the investment.


HBCU Money covers economic, finance, and investment news from an HBCU perspective. Follow us at hbcumoney.com.

Disclaimer: This article was assisted by ClaudeAI.

America’s $100 Trillion Real Estate Empire: The Hidden Power Beneath the Ground

The United States, a land famed for its abundance and ambition, sits atop one of the most valuable portfolios of real estate in the world. From the towering commercial properties of Manhattan to the suburban sprawl of Phoenix and the vast, untouched stretches of prairie and desert in between, the collective valuation of U.S. real estate has breached an astonishing threshold: $100 trillion.

According to recent estimates, the total value of U.S. residential real estate hovers around $50 trillion, while commercial real estate accounts for an additional $22.5 to $26.8 trillion. Less visible but equally consequential is the nation’s unimproved land—agricultural acreage, forests, deserts, and raw parcels—with a market value estimated at $23 trillion. Together, these segments reveal a profound truth about the American economy: it is built quite literally on a foundation of land wealth that continues to define its structure, resilience, and long-term power.

The Residential Bedrock

Homeownership, long considered the American Dream, is more than a cultural aspiration—it is the foundation of household wealth and the gravitational center of the U.S. economy. Redfin estimates that American homes are now worth a cumulative $50 trillion, a figure that has surged nearly 50% since 2020, when the pandemic-era monetary policy and fiscal stimulus unleashed a flurry of homebuying and refinancing activity.

This valuation includes not only primary residences but also investment properties and vacation homes. Approximately 65% of Americans own homes, and for most, their house remains their single largest asset. According to the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances, real estate comprises more than 50% of household net worth among the middle class, making housing prices not just a matter of market speculation but a critical economic indicator.

But the recent surge in interest rates has cast a shadow. The Federal Reserve’s aggressive tightening campaign to combat inflation has pushed mortgage rates above 7%, slowing home sales and triggering price corrections in overheated markets. Nevertheless, inventory shortages and strong labor markets have kept residential property values elevated. Analysts believe this plateau—rather than a crash—will be the new normal, as housing markets recalibrate in a high-rate environment.

Commercial Real Estate’s Reckoning

The U.S. commercial real estate (CRE) market, estimated to be worth between $22.5 trillion and $26.8 trillion according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, finds itself at a crossroads. Office towers, retail strips, multifamily developments, and industrial warehouses are being repriced in real time as remote work, e-commerce, and rising interest rates challenge legacy models.

Office vacancies in major cities like San Francisco, Chicago, and Washington, D.C. have climbed to record highs—some surpassing 30%—as companies consolidate physical footprints. This has sparked what some are calling a “silent crisis” for CRE. Valuations have dropped precipitously in certain metro areas, and regional banks with significant exposure to commercial mortgages have found themselves vulnerable.

But it is not all doom and gloom. Industrial and logistics properties—particularly those near ports, rail hubs, and urban fulfillment centers—continue to outperform, benefiting from the growth of e-commerce and reshoring of manufacturing. Meanwhile, multifamily housing has emerged as a relative safe haven, with demand bolstered by rising mortgage costs that have priced many out of homeownership.

Institutional investors, from pension funds to private equity giants, are rebalancing portfolios, shedding underperforming assets while doubling down on high-performing sub-sectors. The great repricing of commercial property could ultimately yield a leaner, more sustainable industry.

America’s Undervalued Treasure: Unimproved Land

Beyond the skyscrapers and suburbs lies the nation’s quietest giant—its unimproved land, whose estimated value of $23 trillion remains largely outside the public imagination. This figure, derived from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and academic research, encompasses the total value of raw, undeveloped land, including forests, deserts, wetlands, farmland, and government-owned acreage.

Unimproved land is often overlooked in discussions of wealth, yet it plays a central role in climate resilience, national food security, conservation, and future development. It is the terra firma upon which cities expand, solar farms rise, and conservation easements are negotiated. It also serves as collateral in trillions of dollars of financing across industries.

Yet unlike residential and commercial properties, unimproved land lacks a robust national marketplace or transparent pricing. It is often subject to local zoning laws, speculative investment, and environmental regulation—making it both a store of untapped value and a highly complex asset class. With climate change accelerating, land with access to water, resilience to extreme weather, and proximity to urban centers is already commanding premium valuations.

Land is also becoming a focus for sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and climate-conscious investors. “Farmland and timberland are now being seen as long-duration, inflation-resistant assets,” says Daniel Krueger, managing director of a Colorado-based land investment firm. “We’re at the early stages of a global land rush driven by food, carbon, and water scarcity.”

A National Portfolio of Strategic Assets

Taken together, the U.S. real estate sector functions as a $100 trillion national portfolio, integral not just to individuals and corporations but to the state itself. Local governments rely on property taxes for more than 70% of their operating budgets, while real estate assets underpin infrastructure financing through municipal bonds. The U.S. government also owns about 640 million acres of land—roughly 28% of the country—much of which is leased for energy, timber, and recreation, generating billions in annual revenue.

Real estate also serves as the backbone of U.S. capital markets. Mortgage-backed securities, REITs, and land-based derivatives are woven into the financial system, linking Wall Street to Main Street. In a typical year, real estate transactions account for more than 17% of GDP when including construction, financing, insurance, and brokerage services.

Yet this vast portfolio is not without its vulnerabilities. Natural disasters, rising sea levels, zoning bottlenecks, affordability crises, and infrastructure underinvestment all threaten the productivity of American land. Moreover, decades of racially discriminatory policies in housing and land access continue to cast a long shadow, leaving millions of Americans excluded from the benefits of land ownership.

The Geopolitics of Land

In a global economy defined increasingly by resources, logistics, and sovereignty, America’s real estate advantage is also geopolitical. With a vast and varied landscape, stable legal system, deep capital markets, and strong property rights, U.S. land remains an attractive destination for foreign capital. Investors from Canada, Germany, Singapore, and the Middle East have spent billions acquiring trophy assets in cities like New York, Los Angeles, and Miami, as well as farmland in the Midwest and ranches in Texas.

But the rise of China, strategic concerns around food and data security, and the politicization of foreign ownership have made real estate an arena of national interest. Several states have passed or are considering legislation restricting land purchases by foreign governments or their proxies. Meanwhile, the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) has widened its scope to include real estate transactions near sensitive military or infrastructure sites.

These developments suggest a growing recognition that land—long viewed as inert and apolitical—is in fact a strategic resource requiring oversight and planning.

The Sustainability Imperative

In the 21st century, the full value of real estate can no longer be measured in dollars alone. Sustainability, resilience, and carbon sequestration are emerging as parallel dimensions of value. Developers are increasingly required to meet environmental standards, and landowners are being incentivized to conserve forests, wetlands, and grasslands as carbon sinks.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 poured billions into climate-smart land use initiatives, including tax credits for renewable energy on farmland and funding for urban tree canopies. These programs aim to make the American landscape more resilient while tying land use directly to climate goals.

Urban planning is also being reimagined. Cities like Portland, Denver, and Austin are investing in zoning reform to allow for greater density, affordability, and transit-oriented development. Meanwhile, rural communities are embracing land trusts and cooperative ownership models to prevent land loss and promote inclusive growth.

The Repricing of the American Dream

As the United States approaches a new demographic, environmental, and economic era, the notion of land as a static store of wealth is evolving. The repricing of American real estate—spurred by demographic shifts, financial innovation, and climate change—will redefine value for the next generation.

For homeowners, it means contending with climate risk disclosures and insurance volatility. For developers and institutional investors, it entails navigating rising construction costs, policy uncertainty, and ESG mandates. For policymakers, it means rethinking land taxation, infrastructure planning, and public land stewardship.

Yet the fundamental truth remains: the United States possesses one of the most valuable and versatile land portfolios in the world. With judicious management, equitable access, and forward-looking investment, that $100 trillion empire can continue to generate prosperity for decades to come.

In an age of intangibles—from cloud computing to cryptocurrencies—the solidity of land and property remains unmatched. America’s $100 trillion real estate empire is not just a measure of wealth; it is a reflection of national identity, economic philosophy, and strategic foresight. How the country chooses to steward this land—who gets to own it, how it is used, and whether it serves the public good—will shape the next chapter of the American experiment.


Sidebar: By the Numbers – U.S. Real Estate Valuations

  • Residential Real Estate: $50 trillion (Redfin, 2024)
  • Commercial Real Estate: $22.5–$26.8 trillion (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2024)
  • Unimproved Land: $23 trillion (BEA estimates, 2023)
  • Total: Approx. $100–$103 trillion
  • Government-Owned Land: 640 million acres (~28% of U.S. territory)
  • Property Tax Revenue (Local Governments): ~$550 billion annually
  • Real Estate Contribution to U.S. GDP: ~17% (including indirect industries)

In an age of intangibles—from cloud computing to cryptocurrencies—the solidity of land and property remains unmatched. America’s $100 trillion real estate empire is not just a measure of wealth; it is a reflection of national identity, economic philosophy, and strategic foresight. How the country chooses to steward this land—who gets to own it, how it is used, and whether it serves the public good—will shape the next chapter of the American experiment.

Disclaimer: This article was assisted by ChatGPT

The DEI Distraction: Why Black Business Leaders Are Defending the Wrong Battlefield

It is simple. Our talent and capital is either empowering and enriching our institutional ecosystem – or it is doing that for someone else. We are begging Others’ to let our talent and capital make them richer and more powerful. – William A. Foster, IV

When Bloomberg Businessweek convened a roundtable of prominent Black business executives in late March 2026 to discuss the Trump administration’s sweeping rollback of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives, the gathering carried an unmistakable weight. The participants — Ursula Burns of Integrum, Lisa Wardell of the American Express board, Jacob Walthour Jr. of Blueprint Capital Advisors, Nicole Reboe of Rich Talent Group, and Chris Williams of Siebert Williams Shank represent some of the most accomplished figures in American corporate life. Their concerns are real. Their frustrations are earned. And they are, with the greatest respect, focused on exactly the wrong problem.

The DEI debate has consumed enormous intellectual and political energy among Black business leadership. Executives like Burns have emphasized that DEI efforts historically helped address systemic barriers rather than provide unfair advantages. This is correct as far as it goes. But defending the legitimacy of DEI however righteous the argument is fundamentally an argument about access to other people’s institutions. It is a debate about whether African American talent will be permitted to generate wealth for corporate structures that it does not own, govern, or ultimately benefit from in proportion to its contribution. Winning that argument secures a seat at a table built by someone else, financed by someone else, and passed on to someone else’s heirs.

The more consequential question, one that the DEI debate reliably obscures is this: what is the strategic value of Black business ownership as the foundation of an autonomous African American institutional ecosystem, and why has that ecosystem remained so structurally underdeveloped compared to the scale of Black talent and labor flowing through the broader American economy?

The case against centering the DEI debate as the primary lens for Black economic advancement is, at its core, an argument about capital flows. Every dollar of Black labor and talent that enters a corporation it does not own produces returns that are retained, reinvested, and compounded within that corporation’s ownership structure. The wages extracted represent a fraction of the value created. This is not a critique unique to the experience of African Americans, it is the fundamental logic of capitalism. The distinction, however, is that other ethnic and national communities have historically used their productive capacity to capitalize their own institutional ecosystems: banks, insurance companies, real estate holding entities, research universities, and media operations that recirculate wealth within the community rather than exporting it.

Between 2017 and 2022, Black-owned employer businesses grew by nearly 57 percent, adding more than 70,000 new firms, injecting $212 billion into the economy and paying over $61 billion in salaries. That is not a trivial contribution. But its structural limitations are equally stark. Black Americans make up 14 percent of the U.S. population but own only 3.3 percent of businesses. More revealing still: if Black business ownership continues to grow at its current rate of 4.72 percent annually, it will take 256 years to reach parity with the share of Black people in America, a timeline that leaves racial wealth gaps entrenched across generations. No DEI program, however well-designed or vigorously defended, addresses that structural gap. DEI operates within the existing distribution of institutional ownership. It does not alter it. A Black executive ascending to the C-suite of a Fortune 500 company is a personal achievement of consequence, but it does not transfer a dollar of equity to the African American institutional ecosystem. The corporation retains its ownership structure, its compounding endowment, and its ability to extend opportunity to subsequent generations on its own terms.

This is not an argument that employment in major corporations is without value. It is an argument about strategic priority and institutional logic. The Bloomberg roundtable reflects the perspective of individuals who have navigated the highest levels of American corporate life with exceptional skill. But the very fact that their primary public posture is a defense of DEI — a program designed to manage the terms of Black participation in institutions owned by others — illustrates how thoroughly that framework has captured the strategic imagination of Black business leadership. White workers overall still hold 71 percent of executive jobs, 61 percent of manager positions, and 54 percent of professional roles. DEI, at its most effective, redistributed a fraction of corporate leadership positions without altering the underlying structure of institutional ownership. The wealth generated by those institutions through equity appreciation, retained earnings, and compounding investment portfolios continued to flow overwhelmingly to the same ownership class it always has.

The parallel structure that could generate equivalent wealth retention within the African American community requires not better access to existing institutions but the construction and capitalization of independent ones. HBCUs represent the most significant existing node in that potential ecosystem. They are anchor institutions with land assets, research capacity, and the ability to concentrate and retain Black talent. But they remain chronically undercapitalized relative to their peer institutions, in large part because the most financially productive graduates of HBCUs and of Black communities broadly are systematically routed into corporations and financial institutions that extract rather than recirculate their productive capacity.

Black households have, on average, 77 percent less wealth than white households — roughly $958,000 less per household, representing approximately 24 cents for every dollar of white family wealth. That gap is not primarily explained by differences in income or educational attainment. It is explained by differences in asset ownership, intergenerational wealth transfer, and institutional investment. The DEI framework, even at its most ambitious, addresses income. It does not address assets. If the share of Black employer businesses reached parity with the share of the Black population, cities across the country could see as many as 757,000 new businesses, 6.3 million more jobs, and an additional $824 billion in revenue circulating in local economies. That figure represents the economic magnitude of the ownership gap and none of it is captured by diversity metrics in corporate hiring. The structural barriers to closing that gap are not primarily political. They are financial. On average, 35 percent of white business owners received all the financing they applied for, compared to 16 percent of Black business owners. Black entrepreneurs are nearly three times more likely than white entrepreneurs to have business growth and profitability negatively impacted by a lack of financial capital, and 70.6 percent rely on personal and family savings for financing which means that lower household wealth creates a compounding disadvantage that no corporate diversity initiative is designed to resolve. This is the architecture of the problem: insufficient institutional wealth produces insufficient capital formation, which constrains business ownership, which perpetuates insufficient institutional wealth. DEI does not break that cycle because it operates entirely outside of it.

The African American institutional ecosystem: HBCUs and their endowments, African American owned banks and credit unions, Black-owned insurance and real estate entities, and community development financial institutions represents the structural alternative to the DEI framework. It is not a consolation prize for those excluded from mainstream corporate life. It is the only mechanism capable of generating the compounding institutional wealth that produces genuine economic sovereignty. HBCUs enroll approximately 10 percent of Black college students while producing a disproportionate share of Black professionals in STEM, law, medicine, and business. They hold land assets in some of the most economically dynamic metros in the South. They maintain alumni networks that, if systematically directed toward institutional investment rather than individual career advancement, could generate endowment growth and enterprise development at a scale currently untapped. The strategic argument is straightforward: every Black student who graduates from an HBCU and subsequently directs their career, capital, and philanthropic energy toward institutions within the aforementioned African American ecosystem compounds the institutional wealth available to the next generation. Every Black student who takes that same talent into a corporation it does not own, however successfully, contributes to the wealth of an institution that will not reciprocate at the ecosystem level.

This is not an argument for economic separatism. It is an argument for institutional density, the same logic that has guided the development of Jewish philanthropic networks, Korean rotating credit associations, and the university endowment strategies of the Ivy League. Strong communities maintain reinforcing networks of institutions that recirculate capital and concentrate talent. The DEI framework asks Black Americans to enrich other communities’ institutional networks on the condition of fairer treatment. The ownership framework asks Black Americans to build their own.

None of this is to diminish the real harm caused by the current administration’s DEI rollbacks. Black-owned businesses that relied on federal contracting set-asides have seen immediate, concrete losses with some small business owners reporting the loss of $15,000 to $20,000 per month due to reduced contract flows. The SBA admitted only 65 companies to its 8(a) business development program in 2025, compared with more than 2,000 admissions over the previous four years. These are real economic injuries that warrant legal and political challenge. But the defensive posture of protecting DEI within institutions that Black America does not control is insufficient as a long-term economic strategy. The Bloomberg roundtable produced eloquent testimony about the frustrations of Black executives navigating a hostile political environment. It produced very little discussion of what autonomous Black institutional infrastructure should look like, or how the talent assembled in that room of capital allocators, board directors, investment bankers, and talent executives might direct its resources toward building it.

The transition from a DEI-centered to an ownership-centered strategic framework requires institutional coordination that does not yet exist at scale. It requires HBCU endowments to function as patient capital for Black enterprise ecosystems rather than passive investment portfolios. It requires Black-owned financial institutions to be capitalized and connected to the deal flow generated by Black corporate executives. It requires alumni networks to function as economic infrastructure rather than social affinity groups. And it requires Black business leadership to measure its success not by representation metrics within institutions it does not own, but by the growth of institutional assets within the ecosystem it does. The DEI debate is real and the rollback is damaging. But the strategic imagination of Black business leadership will remain constrained so long as its primary horizon is defined by the terms of inclusion offered by others. The more consequential work — slower, less visible, and politically unrewarded — is the construction of institutions powerful enough that the terms of inclusion become irrelevant. That is the work HBCUs and the broader African American institutional ecosystem exist to support. It is the work that this moment demands.

Two Pillars Fall: The Loss of Columbia Savings and Adelphi Bank and What It Means for African American Communities

We are watching the absolute collapse of African American institutions and our absolute dependency on Others’ institutions. It once felt like a slow train wreck, now it feels like a supersonic missile. – William A. Foster, IV

The 2025 African American Owned Bank Directory carries an absence that numbers alone cannot fully convey. Two institutions that appeared in last year’s listing — Columbia Savings and Loan Association of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Adelphi Bank of Columbus, Ohio — are no longer among the ranks of African American-owned financial institutions. Together, they represented nearly $130 million in assets: Columbia Savings at approximately $22 million and Adelphi Bank at approximately $106 million. Their departure is not merely a bookkeeping change. It is a geographic and community wound, one that leaves both Ohio and Wisconsin without a single African American-owned bank.

Founded on January 1, 1924, Columbia Savings and Loan Association was one of the oldest African American-owned financial institutions in the United States. A savings and loan chartered over a century ago in Milwaukee, it survived the Great Depression, the urban upheavals of the mid-20th century, the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s, and the 2008 financial collapse. It did not survive 2025. In our 2024 directory, Columbia carried $24,097,000 in assets, already down 12.0 percent from the prior year. By the time 2025 data was compiled, its assets had further declined to approximately $21,998,000 — a figure that, alongside declining capital levels, signaled an institution under extraordinary strain. For a savings and loan of its size, operating in a competitive market without the capital buffers available to larger institutions, the math had become unforgiving.

Milwaukee’s African American community is substantial, Black residents make up roughly 39 percent of the city’s population and yet they now have no African American-owned bank to call their own. This is not a small thing. African American-owned banks and savings institutions have historically served as anchors for communities that mainstream financial institutions have underserved or outright ignored. They have written mortgages in redlined neighborhoods, provided small business loans to entrepreneurs who couldn’t get a second meeting at a downtown bank, and offered a financial home to people who needed more than a transaction they needed trust.

If the loss of Columbia Savings is a story of a century-old institution exhausted by time and capital constraints, the loss of Adelphi Bank carries a different kind of grief. Founded on January 18, 2023, in Columbus, Ohio, Adelphi was the newest African American-owned bank in the country at the time of our 2024 directory. Prior to its founding, no new African American-owned bank had been chartered in 23 years. Adelphi’s launch was celebrated for exactly that reason: it represented a renewal, a sign that the community had not given up on building the financial infrastructure it needs.

In 2024, Adelphi reported $68,154,000 in assets, up 55.1 percent from the year prior, a remarkable growth trajectory for a de novo bank. By 2025, that figure had risen further to $106,369,000. And yet, despite that asset growth, the bank was no longer majority African American-owned by the time 2025 statistics were compiled. A growing balance sheet does not automatically translate into ownership stability. New banks are capital-intensive, and the pressures to bring in outside investors can, over time, dilute or displace founding ownership structures.

The result is that Ohio, the state that just two years ago was celebrating the founding of its first new African American-owned bank in over two decades, now has none. Columbus, the state capital and one of the fastest-growing cities in the Midwest, has no African American-owned bank. And critically, neither does the surrounding region that includes two of Ohio’s most important Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Central State University and Wilberforce University.

The relationship between African American-owned banks and HBCUs has long been identified by HBCU Money as one of the most underdeveloped partnerships in the Black economic ecosystem. HBCUs are intellectual and economic anchors for their communities. African American-owned banks are the financial connective tissue that can translate education, entrepreneurship, and homeownership aspirations into capital. When both are present in a region, the possibilities compound. When one disappears, the other is diminished.

Central State University and Wilberforce University sit in Greene and Xenia, Ohio, both within the orbit of Columbus and Dayton. Their students, faculty, staff, and alumni represent tens of thousands of people who need mortgages, small business loans, car notes, savings accounts, and lines of credit. Without an African American-owned bank anywhere in Ohio, those needs will be met if they are met at all by institutions with no particular relationship to their communities, no cultural competency born of shared experience, and no structural incentive to reinvest in the neighborhoods and towns these HBCUs serve. And if they are met, the profits and institutional ownership and influence will be to the benefit of Others and not the African American ecosystem. Once again, we will be subsidizing everyone else.

This is not a hypothetical harm. Research has consistently shown that African American-owned banks direct a greater share of their lending to African American borrowers and African American-owned businesses than Others’ institutions. They are not perfect, and they are not substitutes for broader policy change. But they are irreplaceable in the role they play, and their absence is felt in the very specific, very practical ways that matter most: a loan denied, a mortgage not written, a business that never got started.

The 2025 directory does carry one encouraging entry: Redemption Bank of Salt Lake City, Utah, founded February 20, 1974, and now appearing in the African American-owned bank listing with approximately $72,205,000 in assets under the FDIC’s San Francisco region. Its inclusion partially offsets the $128 million in assets lost with Columbia and Adelphi. Redemption Bank’s presence in Utah is notable given the state’s relatively small African American population and its distance from the major African American economic corridors. Its listing is a reminder that African American financial institution-building can and does happen in unexpected places.

But Redemption Bank’s $72 million in assets does not replace what was lost in Ohio and Wisconsin. It does not fill the geographic gap. It does not serve the students at Central State or Wilberforce, or the African American residents of Milwaukee’s north side. The net loss to African American institutional financial capacity in the Midwest is real, and no amount of welcome news from the Mountain West changes the map that communities in Columbus and Milwaukee are now looking at.

As noted in our 2024 directory, African American-owned banks hold approximately $6.4 billion of America’s $23.6 trillion in bank assets — roughly 0.027 percent. The apex of African American-owned bank assets, as a share of total U.S. banking, was 1926, when the sector held 0.2 percent — ten times today’s proportion. Nearly a century later, the sector has not recovered.

The structural disadvantages are well-documented: chronic undercapitalization, concentration in communities with lower median wealth, limited access to the interbank credit markets that larger institutions tap freely, and a customer base that has been systematically excluded from wealth-building for generations. These are not problems that individual bank managers can solve through hustle and grit alone. They require deliberate policy support, sustained community deposits, and coordinated investment from the HBCU ecosystem, African American businesses, and public-sector partners.

The post-2020 wave of corporate pledges to African American financial institutions provided some relief. Many of the banks in our directory saw asset growth between 2023 and 2024 partly as a result of those deposits. But corporate commitments are not permanent, and the institutions that did not receive them or that received too little too late remained exposed. Columbia Savings, with $24 million in assets and a 12 percent annual decline already in evidence by 2024, was unlikely to attract the kind of large-scale corporate or philanthropic deposit that might have stabilized it.

The loss of Columbia Savings and Adelphi Bank should be understood as a call to action, not an occasion for eulogy alone. Several things must happen.

First, the HBCU community in Ohio must begin conversations now about what it would take to support a new African American-owned financial institution in the state. Central State and Wilberforce cannot simply wait for the private sector to solve this. HBCU endowments, alumni associations, and institutional deposits are tools of economic development. Directing even a fraction of those resources toward a future Ohio-based African American-owned bank would be a meaningful first step.

Second, community organizations, African American business associations, and civic leaders in Milwaukee must assess whether a new chartered institution, a credit union, or a community development financial institution (CDFI) can fill some of the void left by Columbia Savings’ departure. Milwaukee’s African American community is large enough and its economic needs acute enough that the absence of a community-controlled financial institution is not sustainable.

Third, the national conversation about African American-owned banks must move from celebration to infrastructure. Every time a new institution is chartered, and Adelphi’s founding in 2023 was genuinely exciting, it must be supported with the capitalization, deposit commitments, and technical assistance that give it a fighting chance past its first few years. A bank that grows in assets but loses its founding ownership structure has not fulfilled its promise. The community has to be in the room, and at the table, not just at the ribbon-cutting.

Finally, we should note what these two losses mean for the map of African American financial geography. States absent from our 2025 directory now include Ohio, Wisconsin, Maryland, Missouri, New York, and Virginia — a list that encompasses some of the largest African American urban populations in the country. That map is a challenge and an indictment in equal measure. African Americans live and work and build in every corner of this country. Their financial institutions should too.

Columbia Savings and Loan Association (Milwaukee, WI) — Founded January 1, 1924 | 2024 Assets: $24,097,000 | 2025 Assets: $21,998,000

Adelphi Bank (Columbus, OH) — Founded January 18, 2023 | 2024 Assets: $68,154,000 | 2025 Assets: $106,369,000

Redemption Bank (Salt Lake City, UT) — Founded February 20, 1974 | 2025 Assets: $72,205,000 [New to directory]

Disclaimer: This article was assisted by Claude (Anthropic).

HBCU Money’s 2025 African American Owned Bank Directory

All banks are listed by state. In order to be listed in our directory the bank must have at least 51 percent African American ownership. You can click on the bank name to go directly to their website.

KEY FINDINGS:

  • 12 of the 16 African American Owned Banks saw increases in assets from 2024.
  • African American Owned Banks (AAOBs) are in 14 states and territories. Key states absent are Maryland, Ohio, Wisconsin, Missouri, New York, and Virginia.
  • With the loss of Adelphi Bank (OH) from majority African American ownership, no African American owned bank has been started in 26 years.
  • Alabama and Georgia each have two AAOBs.
  • African American Owned Banks have approximately $6.7 billion of America’s $24.9 trillion bank assets (see below) or 0.027 percent. The apex of African American owned bank assets was in 1926 when AAOBs held 0.2 percent of America’s bank assets or 10 times the percentage they hold today.
  • African American Owned Banks comprise 11 percent of Minority-Owned Banks (154), but only control 1.73 percent of FDIC designated Minority-Owned Bank Assets.
  • 2025 Median AAOBs Assets: $255,112,000 ($191,590,000)
  • 2025 Average AAOBs Assets: $395,554,000 ($355,448,000)
  • TOTAL AFRICAN AMERICAN OWNED BANK ASSETS 2025: $6,724,410,000 ($6,398,070,000)

ALABAMA

BHM BANK

Location: Birmingham, Alabama

Founded: January 28, 2000

FDIC Region: Atlanta

Assets: $17,741,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 2.7%

COMMONWEALTH NATIONAL BANK

Location: Mobile, Alabama

Founded: February 19, 1976

FDIC Region: Atlanta

Assets: $66,375,000

Asset Change (2023): DOWN 0.8%

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

INDUSTRIAL BANK

Location: Washington, DC

Founded: August 18, 1934

FDIC Region: New York

Assets: $755,175,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 2.2%

GEORGIA

CARVER STATE BANK

Location: Savannah, Georgia

Founded: January 1, 1927

FDIC Region: Atlanta

Assets: $106,700,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 30.3%

CITIZENS TRUST BANK

Location: Atlanta, Georgia

Founded: June 18, 1921

FDIC Region: Atlanta

Assets: $793,469,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 7.0%

ILLINOIS

GN BANK

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Founded: January 01, 1934

FDIC Region: Chicago

Assets: $64,685,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 1.2%

LOUISIANA

LIBERTY BANK & TRUST COMPANY

Location: New Orleans, Louisiana

Founded: November 16, 1972

FDIC Region: Dallas

Assets: $1,076,349,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 2.6%

MASSACHUSETTS

ONEUNITED BANK

Location: Boston, Massachusetts

Founded: August 02, 1982

FDIC Region: New York

Assets: $756,367,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 0.1%

MICHIGAN

FIRST INDEPENDENCE BANK

Location: Detroit, Michigan

Founded: May 14, 1970

FDIC Region: Chicago

Assets: $644,122,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 6.1%

MISSISSIPPI

GRAND BANK FOR SAVINGS, FSB

Location: Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Founded: January 1, 1968

FDIC Region: Dallas

Assets: $252,934,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 57.0%

NORTH CAROLINA

MECHANICS & FARMERS BANK

Location: Durham, North Carolina

Founded: March 01, 1908

FDIC Region: Atlanta

Assets: $498,118,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 15.9% 

OKLAHOMA

FIRST SECURITY BANK & TRUST

Location: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Founded: April 06, 1951

FDIC Region: Dallas

Assets: $174,740,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 46.4%

PENNSYLVANIA

UNITED BANK OF PHILADELPHIA

Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Founded: March 23, 1992

FDIC Region: New York

Assets: $53,275,000

Asset Change (2023): DOWN 4.4%

SOUTH CAROLINA

OPTUS BANK

Location: Columbia, South Carolina

Founded: March 26, 1999

FDIC Region: Atlanta

Assets: $662,589,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 26.2%

TENNESSEE

CITIZENS SAVINGS B&T COMPANY

Location: Nashville, Tennessee

Founded: January 4, 1904

FDIC Region: Dallas

Assets: $181,740,000

Asset Change (2023): UP 3.1%

TEXAS

UNITY NB OF HOUSTON

Location: Houston, Texas

Founded: August 01, 1985

FDIC Region: Dallas

Assets: $201,440,000

Asset Change (2023): DOWN 3.6%

SOURCE: FDIC