Category Archives: Philanthropy

A Family Affair: HBCU Mother And Son Come Together To Lay The Building Blocks For The First Ever Endowment Serving HBCU Faculty

My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint. – Thomas Edison

By William A. Foster, IV

If you asked my mother, Dr. Laurette Foster, to be honest, she is tired of hearing me talk about economics, finance, African American institutions, and HBCU endowments. For well over twenty plus years, I would probably say most of my family is tired of me talking about these subjects. My baby sister, Dr. Aysha (Foster) Williams, often says I can take a conversation about the weather and turn it into a conversation around money. I will admit there is a joy that I get from combing through economic and financial data and building excel spreadsheets that leave many scratching their head.

It is also my studies in institutional development on the graduate level at Prairie View A&M under the guidance of Dr. Rick Baldwin and Dr. Akel Kahera that helped shape the economics and finance training I had many years ago at Virginia State University. But the foundational HBCU professor I had was my mother Dr. Foster, whom I have often referred to as the real life version of Claire Huxtable, who even while I was in elementary school had me working on college algebra problems while we waited in the lobby of my sister’s ballet class to finish. Any time my sister and I were not in school we were on the campus of Prairie View A&M University from elementary through high school. On visits to my grandmother in Petersburg, Virginia during the summer or holidays we would spend copious amounts of time on the campus of Virginia State University. To say we were nourished by professors and staff at every turn culturally and academically during our childhood would be an understatement. Many professors simply became extended aunts and uncles as it were. The profound impact has carried with me my entire life and always will. It is shaping that I yearn for so many other African American children to experience.

Despite this hidden treasure trove of intellect and cultural nourishment, HBCU professors are for many African Americans a place that often despite being underpaid, under resourced, and overworked the hope for so many African American students who matriculate through HBCU grounds in hopes of a better future for themselves, their families, and their communities. No pressure at all. It is these professors that for many will be the first time they will have encountered an African American with an advanced degree. Again, no pressure. However, the pressure does not faze many who simply wish they had the resources to do more. A scarcity that is unfortunately indicative of African America institutionally as a whole. Doing more with less is a mantra that has been pervasive in our community for the past seventy years.

The St. Louis Federal Reserve reports that total financial assets held by U.S. 501(c)(3) organizations is an estimated $5.6 trillion. Despite this reality African American nonprofits have another reality, be they academic or otherwise, they very often fail to garner the financial assets necessary to sustain multiple generations leaving community infrastructure constantly vulnerable and often not being able to pass down and institutionalize the rich intellectual capital that has been accumulated. Over half of all African American nonprofits would close their doors with the loss of just a few key donors meaning most have not created sustainable financial models. Rasheeda Childress of The Chronicle of Philanthropy says, “Most (African American nonprofits) operate on razor-thin margins and need more philanthropic support for training in fundraising, leadership, and financial management, a new survey has found.”

Over thirty years ago, while I was still trying to get out of elementary school, an organization was formed called the HBCU Faculty Development Network. Armed with the mission to help empower and enrich the pedagogy legacy of far too many giants of HBCU academia to name here. For the past 10 years my mother has led the organization as its executive director. My mother surrounded by a tenacious board of directors who want to see HBCU professors excel, they have put in countless hours and annual conferences for their HBCU colleagues and helping shape the HBCU future. But like most African American organizations they too were constantly financially vulnerable and the need to evolve and expand their reach and programming was acutely limited by their resources.  

A year ago, my mother asked me to come and consult the organization on helping ensure its financial future. I assume she grew tired of being the only one who had to hear me rant constantly about the need for African American institutions to take their finances seriously so they could be sustainable and empowered institutions for our community and decided to subject her fellow colleagues as well. Using the blueprint that was published by HBCU Money a few years earlier titled, ’12 Things Your HBCU Alumni Association/Chapter Needs To Do To Be Financially Successful’, we discussed the endless avenues of revenue available to them that would help them grow. Not least among them, would be the establishment of an endowment which according to the Summer Institute of Finance only 11.2 percent of organizations have – meaning that for African American organizations that percentage is probably a minute number in comparison to the overall although no specific data exist. The board diligent and committed over the course of a few days and sessions we were able to lay the groundwork for what came to be. 

At the HBCU Faculty Development Network’s 2023 Annual Conference in Houston, Texas they were finally ready to unveil the hard work. The formation of the endowment was announced to their membership and those in attendance to the conference. My life as an economist and financier that has been built and shaped to support African American institutions is culminated in moments like this. That my mother and all those HBCU professors who cultivated me over the years so that I could bring my experience and expertise to them and ensure that their legacies will live on is truly one of the proudest moments of my life and to be able to share it with my mother makes it truly priceless.

To donate to the HBCU Faculty Development Network’s endowment, click here.

A special thank you as well to the board for trusting the process and embracing this new day.

Dr. Donald Collins, Prairie View A&M University

Dr. Karen Stewart, Texas Southern University

Dr. Ruby Broadway, Dillard University

Dr. China Jenkins, formerly of Texas Southern University

The 2019-2021* Divine 9 Financial Review

Beyond HBCUs, the Divine 9 maybe African America’s most well known set of social institutions. In existence since 1906 at the founding of Alphi Phi Alpha to the last formation of Iota Phi Theta in 1963 these nine African American social organizations have immense cultural capital among African America’s higher educated families. Reportedly with 4 million members across all nine organizations, this membership constitutes roughly 10 percent of the African American population. Many African American families establishing legacy ties to certain Divine 9 organizations while more show a diverse engagement with families often having members among a few of the Divine 9. Like most fraternity and sorority organizations, members join during their undergraduate matriculation, although there are opportunities to join beyond that. There of course is also a financial cost (often significant) to join and maintain active membership with these social organizations.

The Divine 9 often promote themselves to be engaged in community involvement, scholarship, networking, and the like. Typically social organizations are a fundamental aspect that precludes economic institutions and development. As such one could argue that the Divine 9 should be able to be galvanize some aspects of economic institutional development for African America. But what exactly is the financial health of the Divine 9 themselves?

HBCU Money took at look at the most recent tax filings available through ProPublica that each organization has available. *The filings land between 2019-2021 making a flat observation not possible and highlighting one of the issues around financial transparency and consistency that many African Americans complain about in regards to African American institutions. Previous year in parentheses.

DIVINE 9 Combined

Revenues: $120 million ($109.4 million)

Investment Income: $2 million ($1.1 million)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 1.7% (1%)

Expenses: $93.3 million ($95.7 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $12.7 million (N/A)

Net Income: $26.8 million ($14.4 million)

Net Assets: $184 million ($152.1 million)

Alpha Kappa Alpha

Revenues: $32 million ($22.2 million)

Investment Income: $0 ($0)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 0%

Expenses: $26.4 million ($19.4 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $4.3 million ($4.1 million)

Net Income: $5.6 million ($3.5 million)

Net Assets: $49.9 million ($38.2 million)

Alpha Phi Alpha

Revenues: $10.1 million ($7.9 million)

Investment Income: $1.2 million ($713,000)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 11.9%

Expenses: $7 million ($5.4 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $1.7 million ($1.6 million)

Net Income: $3.1 million ($2.5 million)

Net Assets: $28.1 million ($24.2 million)

Delta Sigma Theta

Revenues: $43.9 million ($43.7 million)

Investment Income: $680,500 ($202,400)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 1.6%

Expenses: $33 million ($37.8 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $1.5 million (N/A)

Net Income: $11 million ($5.9 million)

Net Assets: $59.6 million ($48.6 million)

Iota Phi Theta

Revenues: $471,500 ($566,200)

Investment Income: $0 ($0)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 0%

Expenses: $323,300 ($591,100)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $117,500 ($108,300)

Net Income: $148,200 ($ -24,900)

Net Assets: $226,100 ($77,900)

Kappa Alpha Psi

Revenues: $6.8 million ($10.8 million)

Investment Income: $4,000 ($29,800)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 0%

Expenses: $5.5 million ($10 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $1 million ($959,400)

Net Income: $1.4 million ($823,700)

Net Assets: $12.6 million ($11 million)

Phi Beta Sigma

Revenues: $5.7 million ($3.7 million)

Investment Income: $17,700 ($15,700)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 0%

Expenses: $4.6 million ($2.4 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $1 million ($793,700)

Net Income: $1.1 million ($1.2 million)

Net Assets: $4.3 million ($3.2 million)

Omega Psi Phi

Revenues: $8.2 milion ($7.3 million)

Investment Income: $70,600 ($78,700)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 1%

Expenses: $6.2 million ($6.4 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $1.2 million ($1.3 million)

Net Income: $1.9 million ($903,000)

Net Assets: $8.6 million ($7.2 million)

Sigma Gamma Rho

Revenues: $5.2 million ($3.2 million)

Investment Income: $0 ($524)

Expenses: $5.1 million ($4.4 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $941,000 ($686,300)

Net Income: $177,000 ($ -1.2 million)

Net Assets: $956,200 ($2.3 million)

Zeta Phi Beta

Revenues: $7.6 million ($10 million)

Investment Income: $23,400 ($71,900)

Investment Income As % of Revenue: 0%

Expenses: $5.2 million ($9.3 million)

Total Key Employees’ Compensation: $980,000 ($928,300)

Net Income: $2.4 million ($780,700)

Net Assets: $19.7 million ($17.3 million)

SOURCE: ProPublica

5 Ways Black Men Can Invest In Black Boys

“It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.” – Frederick Douglas

The statistics and data around Black boys/men is and has been alarming for decades. As African Americans in the post-Civil Rights era began to abandon our own institutions arguably nobody has suffered as a result more than Black boys. In almost every category of substance Black boys/men trail and trail significantly against the overall society and within our own community. The consequences of this is seen in the struggles of our communities, institutions, and families. Where are the Black men is a question that is asked so often in spaces that in many ways it has become redundant. Unfortunately, the answer is they were lost as Black boys never to be seen from again in many ways. To become substantive members of our community, families, and institutions requires education, training, mentorship, and so much more. The reality on the ground is that there is very little in the way of organizations or resources that provides enough of that. While Black women have taken upon themselves to create, support, and fund initiatives that support the development and growth of Black girls, Black men have not done the same for Black boys. Conversations between Black men about how they can help Black boys tends to seemingly 99 percent revolve around sports as an answer. Black boys and sports has become a catch all for all things that ail Black boys and yet the outcomes suggest that is a failed investment. The question now is what going forward can Black men do to holistically develop and improve the outcomes of Black boys. Take responsibility and accountability for them. The time for deflecting blame is a broken record in many instances and while there are external forces at work constantly against African American men and our boys, we would be remiss not to as men deal with the protection and providing for them within our control.

  1. Pre-K-5 Investment Is Imperative. African American boys get lost and they get lost early. The majority of any investment made into African American boys needs to be made in early childhood development. This is where boys develop cultural identity, mental health fundamentals, educational confidence, and more. Any conversations that we have about Black boys needs to be heavily weighted on reaching them as early as possible and as often as possible. The foundation of anything being built will always be the most important part of that structure.
  2. Donating To African American Organizations That Specifically Support Black Boys. The easiest thing any of us can do is make sure the organizations that are trying to help our boys have the resources they need to not only fulfill their mission, but to excel at their mission and to exceed their missions expectations. For African American organizations who receive less than 2 percent of all national funding into NPOs, this is a mountainous hurdle. African American men can simply make sure they are active donors if they can afford to be and anything is better than nothing as the old saying goes. African American men can do this individually, but the stronger pathway would be as a collective. Two friends or twenty friends of African American men giving together is powerful for accountability towards giving, conversations about giving, strategic pathways to giving, and of course more capital towards giving.
  3. Create More Organizations That Support Black Boys. Simply put, there just are not many African American organizations that are targeted towards developing Black boys. Arguably, that is because African American men have not created them. This is where inevitably Black boys get funneled into sports and nothing else. Largely because that is what is available. Organizations that solely focus on and encourage Black boys to develop themselves educationally, mentally, artistically, and more are largely absent and in need of existence on the nonprofit landscape. African American men have to take the responsibility of identifying, cultivating, and developing areas where Black boys need development and creating organizations around them. To be clear, we are not talking about organizations where it is boys of color or side initiatives, but actual organizations being created where Black boys are the focus, period.
  4. Subsidizing Black Boys Supplemental Education. Black boys throughout K-12 do not get nearly enough supplemental education. The basic nature of supplemental education is everything that happens outside of a child’s classroom that makes them stronger in the classroom at its essence. Providing Black boys and their families assistance with tutoring costs, trips to museums, art galleries, academic camps, therapy, etc.
  5. Give Your TIME and Be PRESENT. This is free. For whatever reason, African American men are plain and simply absent in activities for Black boys beyond sports. From Boy Scouts, tutors, mentors, and civic engagement in general, African American men are just missing for reasons that are frustratingly hard to understand.

What are we up against? Here are just a few reasons African American men need to be at the forefront of the needs of African American boys.

  • The 2019 National Assessment of Education Progress data also highlighted that only 6% of 12th-grade Black males were reading at the proficient level and only 1% were reading at the advanced level.
  • In 2021, 76% of Black boys finished high school compared to 93% of Asian boys.
  • According to the National Center for Education Statistics, only 36% of Black male students completed a bachelor’s degree within six years (52% of Latino male students completed theirs within the same time. White males graduated at a rate of 63% in six years.)
  • U.S. Census reports African American boys 17 and under comprise over 40% of the African American males in poverty.
  • Of the 12.3 million African American men over the age of 25, almost 50% have only a high school diploma or less according to the U.S. Census.

There is a war going on against African American boys and African American men are leaving them to fight for themselves. Our boys are more than their physicality. They are thinkers, they are astronauts, teachers, gardeners, and so much more, but like a flower they too must be nourished and care for by us. African American men can not leave African American boys to experience the gauntlet of life too many of us have already lived.

Tone Deaf: Harvard Launches A $100 Million Endowment To Itself To Study Its Ties To Slavery – An Amount Greater Than 99 Percent Of HBCU Endowments

“Every year, our white intruders become more greedy, exacting, oppressive, and overbearing. Every year, contentions spring up between them and our people, and when blood is shed, we have to make atonement, whether right or wrong, at the cost of the lives of our greatest chiefs and the yielding up of large tracts of our lands.” – Tecumseh

There are two families in the same neighborhood. The Johnsons and the Smiths. They both have the intention of building magnificent homes for their families. Homes they intend to pass down generation after generation. The Smiths have the Johnsons work for them and build their home, hold them hostage in fact on their land while they do so, and after their home is finally finished and pristine allow them to leave and go off and build their own – at least that is what the Johnsons think. As the Johnsons work diligently to build their home, they often awake many mornings to see their work burned to the ground, members of their family kidnapped in the middle of the night never to be seen again, and yet they persist in building their home. They often end up having to buy low quality materials from the Smiths at arguably predatory prices and even after purchasing these materials may awaken to see those same materials stolen or damaged, and yet they persist in building their home. Sometimes they catch the Smiths in the act of harm, but more times than not it is as if they are ghosts in the night. To make matters even more complicated, sometimes the Smiths will invite the Johnsons over for days at a time and allow them to sleep in their attic. The Johnsons often naively believing that the Smiths are wanting to commune with them often failing to see that every moment they spend entertaining and staying at the Smiths is a lost day they could be building their home. And while the Smiths enjoy being entertained by the Johnsons and having them sleep in their attic they are well aware only one of them has a home for their family. A place that is theirs. This reality has given the Smiths control of the neighborhood at every social, economic, and political turn. The Johnsons know that without their home being finished they will never be able to have a place to call home, but fewer and fewer of the family wants to continue building the home. Instead, they find themselves more and more settling for sleeping in the Smiths attic, cooking their food, and entertaining them and while they seem “free” to go and come as they wish, somehow they are right back where they started and their entire ability to exist is dependent on the Smiths. 

The greatest magicians in history know that the key to any successful magic trick is the sleight of hand. To have one’s audience focused on what they believe is happening while actually something out of their focus is instead happening. Harvard University is the nation’s largest non-system endowment at approximately $50 billion. It is an amount that is well over 15 times the size of ALL HBCU endowments combined. To put in perspective just how insulting the $100 million endowment Harvard created for itself is, if it were an HBCU endowment, then it would rank number eight among the 2022 HBCU Money Top 10 HBCU Endowment list. It could easily double the size of all HBCU endowments with roughly 5 percent of its endowment. To add to the harshness of that reality, the gap between the top ten PWI endowments and top ten HBCU endowments has skyrocketed over the past the past decade from $103 to $1 in 2013 to a staggering $128 to $1 in 2022, there is absolutely no movement to atone for what slavery, Jim Crow, and segregation did to HBCUs and African American institutions. Simply put, write the check – but we know they will not. 

For all of the frustration African America has with European American conservatives across the South, their European American liberal counterparts offer little more than lip service to right history’s wrongs, especially on the institutional level. And even when they “attempt” to do so they always do it in a way that leaves that them just as institutionally empowered and us just as institutionally dependent. A recent example of this is European American owned banks like J.P. Morgan and others “investing” in African American owned banks in the wake of the George Floyd protests. These banks did not simply write a repertory check to African American owned banks and step back so the African American owned banks had the autonomy to build with it as they saw fit. No, they “invested” and ensured that they receive the public relations bump for doing so while also ensuring that they are able to profit from anything they put into African American owned banks. Never is it, we know we owe you for the damages done and that we have disproportionate wealth and resources because of the history of slavery and Jim Crow. It is instead, a flashpoint like George Floyd’s death that European American institutions maneuver to look more inclusive by letting a few of us in their house to sleep in the attic, cook their food, wash their clothes, entertain them, all the while knowing that we still will have no home. 

Harvard could have easily paid five to ten HBCUs between $10-20 million each to conduct the same research. Both accomplishing its goal of studying its ties and actually helping the financial coffers of HBCUs. This would have given a precedent for other PWIs who could then do the same with the same result. Assuming there are other PWIs that want to broach that subject of their own history. Harvard could have also picked up the mantle and took the vanguard on an effort to have itself and the rest of the top 25 largest endowments in the country redistribute $6 billion into HBCUs with those PWIs paying proportional to the size of their endowment. America’s largest twenty five endowments combine for $454.6 billion which works out to $151 to $1 for all HBCU endowments combined. A $6 billion infusion from those twenty five endowments would equate only 1.3 percent of their total. A percentage that is still less than the representation of HBCUs (3 percent) of the U.S. higher education institutions. 

Instead, Harvard pats itself on the back with an accounting trick and says to the world and primarily to African America that it is serious about what who knows. This initiative got an immense social bump within African America when the now former president of Prairie View A&M University, Dr. Ruth Simmons, in one of her last events on the campus hosted the outgoing president of Harvard University and creator of the slavery initative, Dr. Lawrence Bacow. The Pan-African historian Dr. John Henrik Clarke would say we (African American institutions and leadership) are doing ceremony without substance. Harvard acknowledging or not acknowledging their ties to slavery does nothing for the social, economic, or political capital of HBCUs and African American institutions. Yet, we give them space in our spaces and credit for something that we already knew – that PWIs have exorbitant resources pools in large part because African America was choked for centuries from being able to build themselves into competitive institutions – and that is as true today in 2023 as it was in 1823 and 1923.

The whole of African America’s education problem does not solely lie with HBCUs, but starts from early childhood through graduate school. An African American child can not go from birth through graduate school in the African American educational pipeline. Other communities most certainly can and do. We have yet to see the profound problem with our educational dependency and as such have done nothing to formulate a strategy let alone act on one. We see Harvard and its peers lure us into a false sense of individual inclusion while continuing to starve our institutions. It is one of the greatest long games to ensure that a group of people have no institutional representation of their own nor control of that which is fed into their minds. Harvard University should pay if they truly believe in righting history’s wrongs and we would owe them no thank you or gratitude for doing so. Ultimately and without waver we must not be distracted by their shiny illusion of inclusion, but remember that is our duty and responsibility to continue to empower and build upon that which our foreparents started and ensure that our people have a home.

The Love Is GONE: 2022’s HBCU Million Dollar Gifts

We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope. – Martin Luther King, Jr.

Arguably, there are not enough donations in 2022 to even warrant an analysis but we are going to give it a try. The acute analysis is that HBCUs and alumni are going to have to prioritize creating wealthier alumni and using their alumni associations to leverage more aggressive investment vehicles which may otherwise be out of bounds for the institutions themselves. It also speaks to giving real thought to policies and strategy that can assist in that wealth creation. Reducing student loan debt loads, reducing time spent in maturation, increasing financial literacy requirements, and more need to be among serious conversation in order to help alumni get on the footing to wealth in both speed and probability. Years like this have been far too many in the midst of also battling underfunding by state and federal government. Not to mention the outright assault PWIs have launched in recent decades of trying to out HBCU HBCUs for African Americans and other minority groups. Of the three companies (pictured above) responsible for the wealth that allowed these individuals to give their Million Dollar Gifts – none were African American owned firms and their combined market caps were over $600 billion – an amount that is almost 40 percent of African America’s entire buying power. Something else that needs to be strongly considered in the wealth development conversation among alumni and administrations. Why are our alumni not creating more firms that can lead to transformative wealth and what can we do to assist?

Overall donations to all colleges and universities were down significantly in 2022 dropping under 300 Million Dollar Gifts given for the first time since 2010. This seems to be a fairly direct correlation to the economy and stock market’s rough 2022. Given that most wealthy donors have major investments tied to business ownership and investments and the Federal Reserve putting forth monetary policy in 2022 that many argued slammed the brakes on the stock market, it is no surprise that wealthy donors deemed themselves quite skittish. And per usual, when America/PWIs get a cold, then African America/HBCUs get pneumonia as seen by only 3 Million Dollar Gifts finding their way to HBCUs. None from HBCU alumni. The median donation was 2 to 1 in terms of donor value and the average donation was 4.5 to 1 in terms of donor value between PWI MDGs and HBCU MDGs. 2022 also provided the very first $1 billion donation to a college or university with Stanford University receiving a $1.1 billion pledge from John and Ann Doerr (both whom are Rice University alumnus).

This is a concerning trend going into uncertain financial times for the U.S. economy in particular. Colleges overall do tend to pick up more students during recessionary times with people losing jobs many see it as an opportunity to go to school or back to school. Unfortunately, tuition revenue is already too much of what HBCUs rely heavily upon and those new students are not likely in any position to give Million Dollar Gifts in the near future. HBCU philanthropy as it pertains to Million Dollar Gifts operates largely on a lottery like reality both relying on hope and depending on those outside of the culture and outside the alumni bases. With the changing sands of higher education shifting beneath our feet the resources to see tomorrow grow urgent with every passing day.

$1 Million Plus Donations To All Colleges: 275

$100 Million Plus Donations To All Colleges: 14

$1 Million Plus Donations Value To All Colleges: $7.1 Billion

$1 Million Plus Median Donation To All Colleges: $10.0 Million

$1 Million Plus Average Donation To All Colleges: $25.9 Million

$1 Million Plus Donations To HBCUs: 3

$100 Million Plus Donations To HBCUs: 0

$1 Million Plus Donations Value To HBCUs: $17.0 Million

$1 Million Plus Median Donation To HBCUs: $5.0 Million

$1 Million Plus Average Donation To HBCUs: $5.7 Million

HBCU Percentage of Donations To All Colleges: 1.1%

HBCU Percentage of Donation Value To All Colleges: 0.2%

1. Arthur M. Blank (pictured) – $10.0 million
Recipient: Spelman College
Source of Wealth: Home Depot

2. Reed Hastings & Patty Quillin – $5.0 million
Recipient: Tougaloo College
Source of Wealth: Media & Entertainment

3. Kenneth Chenault & Kathryn Chenault   – $2.0 million
Recipient: Howard University
Source of Wealth: Education

Source: Chronicle of Philanthropy