At the end of 2022, African America had asset values totaling $6.2 trillion and liability values totaling $1.5 trillion. Below is a breakdown of those by wealth component by assets and liabilities as reported by the Federal Reserve’s Distribution of Household Wealth data. African American assets amounted to 5% of U.S. Household assets and African American liabilities amounted to 8.8% of U.S. Household liabilities.
HBCU Money took a look at what exactly the African American asset portfolio entailed. African Americans are highly concentrated in two main areas, real estate and retirement accounts (pensions and 401K), respectively. These two groups comprise almost 70 percent of African American assets versus only 43 percent for European Americans. Corporate equities/mutual funds and private business ownership comprise a staggering 35.1 percent of European American assets versus only 9.6 percent for African Americans, these two categories also representing African America’s lowest asset holdings.
Examining where African America puts its money and theorizing why can give us insight into strategies that can help in closing both household and institutional wealth gaps.
ASSETS
Real estate – $2.15 trillion
Definition: Real estate is defined as the land and any permanent structures, like a home, or improvements attached to the land, whether natural or man-made.
% of African America’s Assets – 33.1%
% of U.S. Household Real Estate Assets – 6.1%
10 Year % Growth – 187%
Consumer durable goods – $550 billion
Definition: Consumer durables, also known as durable goods, are a category of consumer goods that do not wear out quickly and therefore do not have to be purchased frequently. They are part of core retail sales data and are considered durable because they last for at least three years, as the U.S. Department of Commerce defines. Examples include large and small appliances, consumer electronics, furniture, and furnishings.
% of African America’s Assets – 7.2%
% of U.S. Household Assets – 7.3%
10 Year % Growth – 81%
Corporate equities and mutual fund shares – $270 billion
Definition: A stock, also known as equity, is a security that represents the ownership of a fraction of the issuing corporation. Units of stock are called “shares” which entitles the owner to a proportion of the corporation’s assets and profits equal to how much stock they own. A mutual fund is a pooled collection of assets that invests in stocks, bonds, and other securities.
% of African America’s Assets – 4.9%
% of U.S. Household Assets – 1.1%
10 Year % Growth – 90%
Defined benefit pension entitlements – $1.57 trillion
Definition: Defined-benefit plans provide eligible employees with guaranteed income for life when they retire. Employers guarantee a specific retirement benefit amount for each participant based on factors such as the employee’s salary and years of service.
% of African America’s Assets – 24.7%
% of U.S. Household Assets – 10.5%
10 Year % Growth – 51%
Defined contribution pension entitlements – $600 billion
Definition: Defined-contribution plans are funded primarily by the employee. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is a 401(k). Participants can elect to defer a portion of their gross salary via a pre-tax payroll deduction. The company may match the contribution if it chooses, up to a limit it sets.
% of African America’s Assets – 11.8%
% of U.S. Household Assets – 8.0%
10 Year % Growth – 163%
Private businesses – $350 billion
Definition: A private company is a firm held under private ownership. Private companies may issue stock and have shareholders, but their shares do not trade on public exchanges and are not issued through an initial public offering (IPO). As a result, private firms do not need to meet the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) strict filing requirements for public companies.1 In general, the shares of these businesses are less liquid, and their valuations are more difficult to determine.
% of African America’s Assets – 4.7%
% of U.S. Household Assets – 2.2%
10 Year % Growth – 106%
Other assets – $700 billion
Definition: Alternative investments can include private equity or venture capital, hedge funds, managed futures, art and antiques, commodities, and derivatives contracts.
% of African America’s Assets – 13.6%
% of U.S. Household Assets – 4.2%
10 Year % Growth – 136%
LIABILITIES
Home Mortgages – $770 billion
Definition: Debt secured by either a mortgage or deed of trust on real property, such as a house and land. Foreclosure and sale of the property is a remedy available to the lender. Mortgage debt is a debt that was voluntarily incurred by the owner of the property, either for purchase of the property or at a later point, such as with a home equity line of credit.
% of African America’s Liabilities – 56.1%
% of U.S. Household Liabilities – 7.2%
10 Year % Growth – 53.3%
Consumer Credit – $710 billion
Definition: Consumer credit, or consumer debt, is personal debt taken on to purchase goods and services. Although any type of personal loan could be labeled consumer credit, the term is more often used to describe unsecured debt of smaller amounts. A credit card is one type of consumer credit in finance, but a mortgage is not considered consumer credit because it is backed with the property as collateral.
% of African America’s Liabilities – 42.1%
% of U.S. Household Liabilities – 14.1%
10 Year % Growth – 91.7%
Other Liabilities – $30 billion
Definition: For most households, liabilities will include taxes due, bills that must be paid, rent or mortgage payments, loan interest and principal due, and so on. If you are pre-paid for performing work or a service, the work owed may also be construed as a liability.
% of African America’s Liabilities – 1.8%
% of U.S. Household Liabilities – 2.8%
10 Year % Growth – 200%
Source: Federal Reserve
HBCU Money 